A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war and then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, Middle East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the BASIC dimensions affecting the defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 dimensions. The importance of these dimensions in defense of the Middle East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, security dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction Security and defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation and survival of countries. In fact, defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among them, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in dimensions (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain security and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats and the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in the country's geographical space. The design of defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political and environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate and systematic planning in the geographical space, defense planning is not separate from the flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the security circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military security. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hand, there has been a transformation in the form of threats and wars based on changes and the movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing and recognizing the components that can be used in defense of countries, including the Middle East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the Middle East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect the overall defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct and realistic depiction of the defense situation of the Middle East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding the research topic, which is the design of the defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-random model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the partial least squares method and the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides the possibility of checking the theory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of land use have been discussed. In the meantime, the defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical spaces, such as the evolution of military-defense technologies, the connection of geographical spaces to each other and most importantly, the movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical space of their country in terms of defense. Therefore, the defense planning of the Middle East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats and complex defense-security issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 dimensions, which include 130 components. In the design of the defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight and importance of the shaping dimensions. In general, it can be said that the defense planning of the Middle East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries and on the other hand, considering the developments in the field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 dimensions should be considered for the defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The 4th wave of the human-Computer interaction (HCI) refers to the entanglement of a new form of interactive process between humans and emerging technologies and their presence in today’s human life. With an emphasis on the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), social robotics, virtual reality (VR), neural implants, cyber-physical systems, smart spaces, and autonomous vehicles (AVs), recent scientific literature has recognized the necessity of the human-computer interaction (HCI) 4th wave to show how human-machine interaction has turned into an ambiguous subject given human-technology boundaries. By reviewing, analyzing, and conceptually framing the literature, this study aimed to find possible relationships between the involved disciplines and architectural literature gaps. The obtained results can be used to (1) determine research gaps in the field of HCI from an architectural perspective to eliminate bias against emerging technologies, (2) theoretically explain how to design a virtual architectural space while considering those gaps, and (3) recommend a path for future studies. Given the research's goal and to develop the theoretical foundations, aiming at achieving a comprehensive concept that will go through the integration of the components of different fields of knowledge, systematic and content analyses have been used. The latent content and the thematic connection of the literature were analyzed using a structured and precise method. In the first stage, a broad range of literature with a rich variety of keywords was investigated, based on which the main keywords were extracted for final analysis and coding in three specific layers and different disciplines. To this end, 242 articles published between 2017 and 2022, as well as 21 doctoral theses published between 2019-2022 were reviewed. In the second stage, with the final screening, 73 articles were analyzed more closely using the thematic analysis method in MAXQDA and were categorized into 5 main codes and 17 sub-groups. The findings of the content analysis suggest that the level of knowledge of HCI and its subgroup in the 4th HCI wave is theoretically and practically evolving. Importance of HCI and its extensive use in different disciplines. This is because it accounted for 59% of the extracted content, followed by “TRUST” with 19%, indicating the importance of the subject. The low frequency of design codes can be attributed to anthropological factors because there is still limited information about the users' awareness, preferences, and needs, and how this matter affects the design of virtual architectural space. This relationship has been less architecturally discussed and thus lacks a comprehensive definition. Results Showed In this stage, building up TRUST through anthropologically designed environments can encourage further use of this new lifestyle. It should be considered that TRUST in technology and machines is volatile as it is a form of feeling that varies in different situations. This study emphasizes that anthropologically informed design in virtual and intelligent environments is essential for enhancing human-technology interaction and a design based on TRUST-centered anthropological approaches increases the chance of welcoming emerging technologies and interacting with virtual spaces

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological capital, TRUST in organization and transformational leadership, considering the mediating role of BASIC psychological needs. The participants of this study were 418 employees of NISOC who were selected through stratified random sampling method. The direct effects of BASIC psychological needs, psychological capital and TRUST in organization on thriving at work were significant but the direct effect of transformational leadership on thriving at work was not supported. The indirect effects of psychological capital, TRUST in organization and transformational leadership on thriving at work through BASIC psychological needs were supported. According to findings of this study, practices for increasing of psychological capital and TRUST in organization should be considered by organization.

Political TRUST addresses the relation between people and state. Researches say political TRUST has had a declining trend in Iran since the victory of the revolution.Religion is among the factors which affect political TRUST, and has been emphasized in the theories of the classical and contemporary sociologists and social capital theorists. This fact is more considerable in Iran where a religious government is in power and religion clearly and apparently intervenes with politics. Guidens describes the impact of religion on the political TRUST as one of the characteristics of the traditional societies and points to the religious commitments of the authorities in the traditional societies as well as function of the access point, BASIC TRUST, and government’s endeavor to provide social-economic welfare for the people as other factors which affect the political TRUST. In order to investigate the political TRUST in three domains of TRUST in the political system, political institutions and political actors through a survey method, information was collected from 630 over-20-year individuals in Tehran which had been selected by the quota sampling method. Results of the research showed that people TRUST in the politica system more than institutions and actors. The extent of the religiosity of the respondents as well as their BASIC TRUST, satisfaction with function of the access point, interpretation of the extent of religious commitments of the authorities and also state's endeavor to provide social-economic welfare for the people affect the political TRUST. The highest effect belongs to the interpretation of the respondents of the state's endeavor to provide social-economic welfare for the people.

Feldspar as a low-cost mineral adsorbent based on silica was used to removal a cationic dye, C. I. BASIC red 14 (Brilliant red 4G), from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of some parameters such as the amount of adsorbent, contact time, the initial concentration of dye, initial pH and electrolyte on dye removal was investigated. Results showed that dye removal increased by increasing pH; contact time and adsorbent dosage, whereas decreased by increasing the dye concentration. Also, the addition of electrolyte caused a negligible decreasing in dye removal. It took about 1 hour to equilibrium the feldspar with C. I. BASIC red 14 and dye removal efficiency was 96%. So, feldspar is a suitable and powerful absorbent for removal of cationic dye from aqueous solutions. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Redlich-Peterson, and Dubinin– Radushkevich adsorption models and found that the experimental data were correlated reasonably well with Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption kinetics was studied by using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models and realized the adsorption of C. I. BASIC red 14 on feldspar followed the pseudo-second-order equation which indicates to chemical sorption.

Nowadays when suspicion and disTRUST are ruling the attitudes of most managers, there are a few organizations that can be proud of their favourite team working qualification, cooperation and TRUST in their cultures unfortunately. Managers should learn how some people can experience and understand other persons, groups and organizations TRUST to be able to create and strengthen TRUST among several sections. They should also learn how this TRUST grows through times. In other words, it is necessary to understand how other people can psychologically experience TRUST before its effects on the behaviour, expectations and the results coming out of the TRUST among the people of an organization have been analyzed.In this study the importance of TRUST in life and the organization has been mentioned by presenting some definitions of TRUST and its different aspects. Moreover, the effects of TRUST on other variables, organizations and working groups have been expressed and analyzed.The study shows that the experience of TRUST is evaluated by the reaction of values, attitudes, moods and emotions of people. Furthermore, by using a symbolic interactionist perspective, it explains how TRUST is being increased through times and how TRUST making can be proceeded in the organizations.

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is one of the most BASIC and vital skills that a person should learn throughout his life. Carrying out this action is so essential and life-saving that knowing and doing it correctly means saving a human life. One of the target groups for teaching CPR and BASIC resuscitation skills, is teachers, especially physical education teachers, due to the possibility of heart failure during sports activities in children. In this study, we investigated the level of knowledge of BASIC Life Support (BLS) in physical education teachers of Kashan schools in 2023. Materials and methods: The current study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on all the physical education teachers of Kashan schools who were willing to participate in the study (n=80). The requirement for entering the study was attending schools in the last year. In this study, demographic information, including age, sex, was asked from the participants by interviewers and recorded in the checklist. Then, the participants were asked to complete a standard questionnaire related to the level of BLS knowledge. Results: The number of men was slightly higher than that of women. The average age of the participants was 40.24 ± 8.05 years. 78.8% of the participants admitted that they had received training in in BLS, and 50.8% of them were trained in the university before graduation. The average score of participants' knowledge in the field of CPR was 3.95±1.69. Among the variables of gender, age, educational level of coaching, duration of coaching and receiving BLS training, the level of CPR knowledge was found to have a significant relationship with the age variable (P=0.03). The fear of doing it wrong was reported to be the most worrying issue for performing resuscitation measures. Also, 60% of the participants admitted that they have no knowledge about the defibrillator device and only one person knew how to use the defibrillator and where it is located in the patient's body. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of BASIC Life Support in the physical education teachers of Kashan schools is reported to be lower than the average level, and according to the findings of this study, it is recommended to hold training courses for them periodically to increase their knowledge.

TRUST “ establishment (TE) among sensor nodes has become a vital requirement to improve security, reliability, and successful cooperation. Existing TRUST management approaches for large scale WSN are failed due to their low cooperation (i. e., dependability), higher communication and memory overheads (i. e., resource inefficient). This paper provides a new and comprehensive hybrid TRUST estimation approach for large scale WSN employing clustering to improve cooperation, TRUSTworthiness, and security by detecting selfish sensor nodes with reduced resource (memory, power) consumption. The proposed scheme consists of unique features like authentication based data TRUST, scheduler based node TRUST, and attack resistant by giving the high penalty and minimum reward during node misbehavior. A task scheduling mechanism is employed for scheduling the significant task to reduce computation overhead. The proposed TRUST model would be capable to provide security against blackhole attack, grey hole attack, and badmouthing attack. Moreover, the proposed TRUST model feasibility has been tested with MATLAB. Simulation results exhibit the great performance of our proposed approach in terms of TRUST evaluation cost, prevention, and detection of malicious nodes with the help of analyzing consistency in TRUST values and communication” overhead.